Sulfur as a Source of High-Value Materials: Kozybayev University Partners with the University of Arizona

Kazakhstan ranks seventh globally in sulfur production, with an annual output of approximately 4.3 million tons. However, sulfur exports generate only $200–400 million per year. As a byproduct of oil and gas extraction, elemental sulfur is primarily exported in raw form or used in the production of low-margin sulfuric acid. Its excessive accumulation, however, poses serious environmental risks. As extraction volumes continue to rise at local fields, the need of shifting from raw material exports to deep processing of sulfur into innovative and high-value materials becomes increasingly urgent.

A promising solution is being offered by a research group from the University of Arizona (USA), led by Professor Jeffrey Pyun. The team has developed an innovative inverse vulcanization technology that converts molten sulfur into polymers and other advanced materials, including infrared lenses, lithium–sulfur battery components, anticorrosion coatings, and slow-acting natural fertilizers.

This technology is protected by 11 patents and supported by more than 50 scientific publications, demonstrating strong commercial potential. While sulfuric acid remains a low-cost commodity (around $100–200 per ton), the new process enables the creation of high-value sulfur-based products. For example, optical lenses with high refractive index made from sulfur polymers may cost between $100 and $500 each.

The project is set to be implemented in partnership with Kozybayev University, with objectives that include joint research activities, laboratory establishment, workforce training, and the launch of pilot production facilities in Kazakhstan. Academic and scientific exchange programs are also envisioned, contributing to the formation of a regional research and innovation ecosystem capable of producing competitive, next-generation materials. The project was presented to the Minister of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Sayasat Nurbek, during an official visit of the Kozybayev University delegation to the University of Arizona in April 2025.

Successful implementation of the project will require direct access to sulfur at extraction sites and investment in laboratory infrastructure, equipment, and pilot-scale facilities. This would enable on-site sulfur processing, reduce logistics costs, accelerate commercialization, and open new export channels. In doing so, Kazakhstan has a chance to become a global leader in the production of high-value sulfur-based materials. Moreover, the project will also help address the environmental challenges posed by sulfur accumulation and utilization.